Tālivaldis Ķeniņš, described as “one of Canada’s pioneering composers,” has died at the age of 88. For many years he taught composition at the University of Toronto, founded the Latvian Concert Association of Toronto and wrote many works of classical music, the Canadian Music Centre said in a Jan. 22 press release.

Ķeniņš was born in 1919 in Liepāja, Latvia. His father, Atis, was a lawyer, educator, diplomat, politician, minister of education and justice, a poet and a translator. His mother, Anna, was a writer and journalist.

At the age of 5, Ķeniņš began piano lessons. When he was 8, the Canadian Music Centre said, the boy wrote his first composition. Ķeniņš received his higher education in 1939 in France and then began to study composition under Jāzeps Vītols at the Latvian Conservatory of Music. However, he was forced to flee Latvia in 1944.

Ķeniņš received further education at the Conservatoire National Superieur de Paris, graduating in 1950 with a degree in composition and several music prizes under his belt.

The composer married Valda Dreimane and the couple moved to Canada in 1951. Ķeniņš became organist and music director at St. Andrew’s Latvian Lutheran Church in Toronto. In 1952, he joined the music faculty at the University of Toronto. Among his students, the Canadian Music Centre noted, were the Latvian-Canadian composer Imants Ramiņš and pianist Artūrs Ozoliņš.

In 1959, Ķeniņš founded the Latvian Concert Association of Toronto. He also was an active member of the Canadian League of Composers, serving from 1973-1974 as its president.

During his career, Ķeniņš composed eight symphonies, 12 concertos, three cantatas, an oratorio and a number of chamber music, choral and educational works. His “First Symphony” was completed in 1959, while “Sinfonia concertata (Eighth Symphony)” was completed in 1986 and saw its debut that year during the Latvian Song Festival in Canada.

According to The New Grove Dictionary, the composer’s work is noted for forms that “are basically traditional (sonata, quartet, suite, divertimento) and the language is dominated by lyrical melody, contrapuntal textures, logical formal structures and a fondness for concertante treatments in which there is an imaginative interplay of instrumental colours. Ostinato patterns abound in a rhythmic style which is supple and, particularly in fast movements, often animated and witty.”

Among many honors bestowed on Ķeniņš is the Order of Three Stars, Latvia’s highest civilian honor. He was an honorary professor at the Latvian Academy of Music. The composer was the subject of a 1994 Latvian-language biography written by musicologist Ingrīda Zemzare, Tālivaldis Ķeniņš: Starp divām pasaulēm. Canadian musicologist Paul Rapoport is working on an English-language biography, the Canadian Music Centre reported.

Funeral service for Ķeniņš was Jan. 25 at St. Andrew’s Latvian Lutheran Church in Toronto.

As expected, Russia has responded to Latvia’s expulsion of an embassy official from Rīga by kicking a Latvian diplomat out of Moscow. The Russian Foreign Ministry announced Jan. 25 that Latvian Ambassador Andris Teikmanis has been informed one of his staff must leave the country within 48 hours.

Latvia on Jan. 21 expelled Second Secretary Alexander Rogozhin of the Russian Embassy, claiming he posed a risk to national security. Russian officials at the time said they could deliver an “adequate” response.

A spokesperson for the Latvian Foreign Ministry called Russia’s decision disappointing.

The name of the diplomat will be made public once the individual has left Russia, the Latvian Foreign Ministry spokesperson said.

The Russian diplomat expelled from Latvia on Jan. 21 is embassy official Second Secretary Alexander Rogozhin, the Constitution Protection Bureau (Satversmes aizsardzības birojs) confirmed to Latvian media Jan. 24.

Latvia expelled the Russian diplomat for being a threat to national security, a Foreign Ministry spokesperson said Jan. 21. The name and position of the embassy official were not immediately released to give him time to leave the country, as is customary. Rogozhin’s name remained on the embassy’s Web site at the end of the business day Jan. 24.

Latvian State Television, citing unofficial sources, incorrectly reported Jan. 21 that the diplomat was First Secretary Sergejs Toropovs.

Latvian officials now are awaiting whether and how Russia will respond. Russia said it reserves “the right to take adequate measures” in response to the expulsion, a Russian Foreign Ministry source told the official ITAR-TASS news agency in Moscow.

In 2004, Latvia expelled the Russian embassy’s Second Secretary Piotr Urzhumov, who was accused of trying to gain information about the NATO defense alliance’s presence in Latvia. In response, Russia expelled Latvian First Secretary Juris Poikāns.

The latest expulsion comes at the end of Russian Ambassador Viktor Kalyuzhny’s term in Rīga. Appointed in 2004, Kalyuzhny will be replaced by Aleksandr Veshnyakov, former head of Russia’s Central Elections Commission.

The expulsion also came just weeks after rumors flew in the Rīga media that the government in late December had kicked out another Russian diplomat. At the time, TV3 incorrectly reported that embassy First Secretary Vyacheslav Yefremov had been expelled. However, Yefremov left on his own because his work contract had expired.

Then reports emerged that another first secretary in the Russian embassy, Anatoly Kogalov, had surfaced on the Schengen Treaty zone’s “black list.” Latvia joined the Schengen zone on Dec. 21, meaning that Latvian citizens can travel passport-free throughout most of Europe.