New CD highlights role of the horse in Latvian folk songs

The past years have brought many thematic Latvian folk song collections – from albums about the winter solstice (from the groups Laiksne and Vecpilsētas dziedātāji) to weddings (Iļģi), even funersals (Skandinieki) and sauna music (Iļģi again). This is not that surprising, as Latvians had songs for just about every occasion and about most every topic.

Continuing on that thematic approach, the Rīga-based women’s folk group Savieši released the album Zirga pase – an album collecting songs about horses. In previous centuries, few animals were as important to a Latvian as a horse, and, consequently, many folk songs mention the “kumeļš” or “kumeliņš”. Recognizing the great wealth of songs about the horse, Savieši have gathered horse-related folk songs from all over Latvia.

Savieši is a large (approximately twenty members) traditional folk ensemble that was founded in 1980, and is led by Ērika Māldere and musical director Amanda Jātniece. The songs presented on Zirga pase are almost entirely vocal based, with minimal accompaniment. Unlike other folk groups which include more modern elements and instruments, Savieši look to present an authentic Latvian folk performance. For the most part, the songs on the album are from the obscure end of the folk song spectrum, which will make this album a revelation for many listeners.

As Savieši is an all-female ensemble (though the men periodically help out with vocals and instruments on some of the songs), it is not particularly surprising that many of the songs chosen for this collection are from the female perspective. For example, “Es bagāta mātes meita”, a song about the daughter of a rich mother who had nine horses. This performance, in the Latvian call-response folk song style, reflects the authentic, purely vocal style of many of the songs on the album. Each song also has ethnographic notes on where the song originated from – both the melody and text. Also, the notes lists who is the lead caller (or callers) on each song; in this case it is Sarmīte Sedliņa.

Folk songs often had wise and sage advice, such as “Es jums teikšu, jauni zēni” (melody from Vecpiebalga, but text recorded in Lielpaltone and Džūkste), which exhorts young men to not only avoid purchasing a white horse, but also to forgo marrying a beautiful wife – as the white horse needs to be cleaned often, but the pretty wife needs to be protected.

Songs from the Latgale region are also included in this collection, such as “Aiz Daugavys august kolni”. This time, the men take the calling role (on this song, it is Gatis Ikaunieks and Kārlis Zemītis), in this story of a poor boy who sees a horse swimming in the sea, and receives a gold and silver saddle which then allows him to carry the daughters of the Sun across the sea.

One of the few songs with instrumentation is “Melni muni kumeleņi”, a tender song about a young man who is faced with a dilemma – who should his sister marry – the ploughman or the silversmith? Being a very practical person, he believes the ploughman is the better choice, as the silversmith is likely unable to bake bread on his own (and will need to come the ploughman to ask for bread).

Besides being a collection of folk songs about horses, the album is also meant as a detailed overview of the types of horses in Latvia, and even has a foldout poster that details with color drawings the various types of horse coat colors and designs (prepared by Agnese Kokina) – such as “dābolains” with larger spots and “ziedains” with small spots, and various degrees of darker colors – not just simply “bērs” but also “dūkanbērs”, “tumši bērs” and “dzidri bērs”. In fact, in Latvian there are 478 different ways of describing horses (by way of comparison, the Lithuanian language has only 159). The CD package itself – presented as a hardbound book – includes Inese Tome’s extensive research of Latvian horses. At almost 90 pages, the book includes detailed notes in Latvian and English about Latvian horse history, the various colors and even various horse related folk beliefs – such as “if you see a black horse in your dreams, then you will get very sick”.

Horses were an integral part of daily life in Latvia in centuries past, and, on Zirga pase, Savieši present a fitting and lovingly prepared tribute to the animals. Besides the authentic and genuine performances of these rarely heard melodies and texts, the album also provides for a fascinating study of the animal itself in an exquisitely detailed package. With their simple yet effective arrangements, Savieši have compiled an enjoyable and absorbing musical journey through Latvian traditions and beliefs.

For further information please visit the Savieši Facebook page.

Saviesi - Zirga pase 002

Zirga pase

Savieši
Lauska, 2015

Track listing

  1. Es bagāta mātes meita
  2. Brālīt, tavu kumeliņu
  3. Aun, meitiņa, balti kājas
  4. Ņem, Jānīti, bēru zirgu
  5. Dzeltains manis kumeliņis
  6. Bāliņš jūdza, tautiets jūdza
  7. Baltus zirgus nejūdzati
  8. Man bij daiļis arājiņis
  9. Jauni puiši, syrmi zirgi
  10. Pērkonītis augstu brauca
  11. Pieci bēri kumeliņi
  12. Es jums teikšu, jauni zēni
  13. Kur tu brauci, rudzu Jumi
  14. Aiz Daugavys augsti kolni
  15. Melni muni kumeleņi
  16. Ne ošam tādas lapas

Egils Kaljo is an American-born Latvian from the New York area . Kaljo began listening to Latvian music as soon as he was able to put a record on a record player, and still has old Bellacord 78 rpm records lying around somewhere.

Nama Volejs: The World of DC Latvian Volleyball

“I was born right here, in the middle of this volleyball court, on a Thursday night back in ’85,” says my brother Alberts with a wink, pointing towards a church banquet hall bisected by a volleyball net hung between two hooks in the walls. His joke isn’t too far from the truth. Many of the players who have gathered this evening at the Latvian Lutheran Church of Washington D.C.’s community center in Rockville, Maryland, have been coming here to play volleyball every Thursday for the past ten to twenty years. A few can even trace their time back to the mid-’80s and beyond.

The group’s longevity and vibrancy are rare, especially at a time when many Latvian-American organizations are struggling to maintain numbers and bring in younger members. A typical Thursday night brings in anywhere from 6 to 18 players, and a key to its success is the group’s inclusive nature. Anyone can participate, regardless of age, ethnicity, gender or skill level. “It’s a community spirit,” explains Ēriks Brolis, who has been involved since roughly 1992, when, as a 12-year-old kid, he came along to play with his father. “It’s super unique; everyone is supporting everyone else to play at the top of their game, and so many levels can play together.”

He’s not exaggerating about the many levels. The group contains novices, experts, rec-league players, children, pensioners (the group once surprised one of these members with a 70th-birthday party between sets), and even an Olympian (1984 Olympic gold medalist and volleyball legend Aldis Bērziņš, who has been a Thursday-night regular for 15 years). Of the participants this particular evening, six played for their college varsity or club teams. Playing right alongside these experienced competitors is Māra Anderson, playing for the first time in her life. “I suck,” she says, “but it’s fun, and I’m learning a lot.” Initially apprehensive about joining, she now jokes that it’s been “better than expected, because people aren’t hitting me.”

Standing next to her, Robs Šverns, an eleven-year veteran of the group, is encouraging of her efforts: “If you haven’t played and are curious, you should try it.” Šverns himself hadn’t played before joining the group a decade earlier, and emphasizes that it is a great environment in which to learn.   He explains that it is one of the few places where everyone can play at the top of their game (whatever that may be), free of judgment.

Bērziņš—the Olympic gold medalist—agrees. “With a lot of volleyball you find cliques, and it is hard to get on the court. You have to play at a certain level,” he says. But here, that’s not the point. “Pašam patīk ka ir omulīgi. Nav svarīgi uzvarēt, bet [ir svarīgi] saspēle un draudzība.” (“I like that it’s friendly. It’s not important to win, but [what is important is] teamwork and friendship.”) His favorite aspect of the Thursday-night games is that all age groups play together. He started coming in the first place because he wanted to play with his sons, who started as young children cheering on their dad from the sidelines, but have since all grown up and won a slathering of NCAA championships and spots on professional teams.

The game played on Thursdays is unlike the game played anywhere else not just because of the eclectic mix of players, but also due to the strange set of rules. The players laugh that this may be the only place left in the world where side-out scoring is still in use (which means that only the serving team can earn a point; in more common “rally” scoring, whoever wins the play wins the point, no matter who served).  But the players enjoy the game being a little strange, as it provides a special character missing from other volleyball venues. “I like old-school rules more,” says Vik Bebris. “With rally, it’s one mistake, and you’re down. But the old rules feel more real.”

Stranger than the scoring system is the court itself. The room, used primarily for local Latvian community events such as stage plays, holiday ceremonies, and school graduations, is not quite the size of a standard volleyball court. The lip of a stage juts into the back line at one end; at the other, two air-conditioning vents protrude into the corners. In earlier years walls served as the side boundaries, though they added an extra two feet to either side of what would be an official court. This oddity grew stranger once antennas were introduced at the correct width.  Eventually frustrated players brought in painter’s tape to put down lines and solve some of these issues. But under current conditions, the most recent painter’s-tape lines have been pulled up. The resulting faint residue line is only visible in some areas, but still serves as the court boundary, leaving players to guess and debate whether certain hits are in or out. When a hit is in dispute, the refrain “Mineapolē tas būtu ārā!” (“In Minneapolis that would be out!”) can often be heard; it’s a decade-old throwback joke from when the group was preparing for an ALA Meistarsacīkstes (American Latvian Association Master Games) tournament in Minneapolis, where presumably the courts would be actual regulation size and shape.

A typical evening is flush with this sort of lighthearted joking mixed in amongst play.  Another favorite inside joke amongst players is the “Over 50” rule, which states that only players over the age of 50 are allowed to make certain questionable junk plays, such as windmill attacks. The “Friend Zone” is a three-inch wide strip of ground between the endline and the wall that frustrates attackers (so close, can’t score).  Classic rock plays over the loudspeakers during the games, which is then occasionally danced to by players in an attempt to distract their opponents.  And roughly once a year the group’s leader, Viesturs Timrots, brings in an assortment of delicious sausages, wings, and other snacks for a post-play party suggestively titled “Kas Par Desām” (literally translated to “Oh, What Sausages,” but actually a play on words that means “What a Mess.”)

The players fit so perfectly into this unique playing space that one might think it was built for them. And that is partially true. The roots of the Thursday-night game reach back to at least the 1960s, when the Washington, D.C. sports club “Sigulda,” sponsored by veterans-welfare organization Daugavas Vanagi, had a powerful women’s volleyball team consisting of impressive players like Ilze Pāža, Edīte Tālmane, Ausma Karlsona, and Edīte Āboliņa. At the time, the Latvian-American sports circuit was more developed and better populated, and the women held regular training sessions in local schools under the guidance of coaches Andris Karlsons, Jānis Tērauds, and Juris Ekšteins. The women went on many road trips, competing against Latvian-American teams across the East Coast and the Midwest, including powerhouse rivals New York and Minneapolis. According to Māra Bērziņš, who started playing on the team with her mother and sister Silvija in 1971, the weekly practices were no joke. So when the D.C. Latvian Lutheran congregation began formulating plans to build its own church and community center, it made sense to include the active Latvian volleyball community. Legend has it that the original plan for the banquet hall had a moderately high ceiling, but at Jānis Pāža’s urging, it was moved up by four feet to reach the minimum regulation height for volleyball. The room was subtly rigged to allow for a wall-to-wall net, and upon completion in the mid-1970s, the ladies moved in.

Around the same time, a coterie of male players under the leadership of Jānis Tērauds was playing weekly pick-up games at Langley High School in Virginia. My father (and current Thursday-night regular Knuts Ozols), played with them in the late 1970s. He describes these “Vecie Siguldieši” (“Sigulda Old-Timers”) as a friendly group that enjoyed going out afterwards to local pizza joint Rocco’s. Eventually, the school chose to shut down the games, and rec centers never quite panned out as an alternative. Over time the women’s team also dissipated, as players got older or moved away and no new women joined. (The lack of female players would last from the mid-1980s until only very recently. This year, for the first time in almost 30 years, Sigulda was able to contribute a partial female team to the annual ALA Meistarsacīkstes—and that was only possible by combining forces with another partial team from Canada.)

But the gap in Latvian D.C. volleyball did not last long. In the mid-to-late 1980s, Harijs Plūcis recruited other Latvian volleyball enthusiasts such as Jānis Bebris, Jānis Mūrnieks, Raimonds Pavlovskis, and current group leader Viesturs Timrots to join his local team, which played in a Montgomery County (Maryland) adult recreational league. The squad, named the Weekend Warriors, began using the banquet hall at the Latvian church for extra practice. In the early 1990s, the Latvian ambassador to the United States, Ojārs Kalniņš, in attempt to integrate arriving diplomats from the newly-freed Latvian Republic with the established Latvian-American community, invited his staff to join in, eventually forming their own embassy team that played in the same county league as the Weekend Warriors.  Soon the Thursday-night practices were flooded with both local players and diplomats. Though it forwent drills for pick-up games, the group continued to call the sessions treniņi (“training”).

Their format and nature have remained virtually unchanged ever since. The group still operates as part of D.C.’s Daugavas Vanagi and calls itself Sigulda, and officially Thursday nights are still called treniņi. Though the number of players fluctuates over time, with the slowest nights bringing in four players, and the busiest nights bringing in four teams worth of players, the game is always there for anyone who wants to play. “Zinu, ka te vienmēr ir spēle (‘I know there is always a game available here’),” says Ivars Ārums. Nicknamed “Key Component” on the court, Ārums is also a key component to the group’s off-court success. When he comes to play, he brings along his kids and even grandkids, reinforcing the group’s inclusive multi-generational vibe.

In fact most of the current active players got involved as children, tagging along to treniņi with their parents. Ēriks Brolis became the first of this new generation, joined soon thereafter by his brother Andrejs, and describes being the only child on the court: “Būtu trīs spēles, tad divas stundas sēž [runājoties ar draugiem], un es biju skolā nākamā dienā (‘We would have three games, then two hours of sitting [talking with friends], and I would be in school the next day’).” Around this time in the early 1990’s, a short-lived fathers-and-daughters game ran on Wednesday nights, which I attended with my father. Though it quickly ended due to lack of interest, my father and I moved over to Thursday nights. Eventually we “dragged along” my brother, as he remembers it. It was “towards the end of the fathers-and-daughters days and I kinda liked it,” he says. “And since then I’ve been here for the last two thousand straight Thursdays.” He pauses, then adds: “That number is approximate.”

Soon the Thursday-night court was flooded with teenagers who had come to play with their friends and parents. Affectionately nicknamed “Geezers and Teens Volleyball,” this late-1990s era saw the court frequently divided into games of old guys versus kids, with a small handful of age outliers in the middle. When it came time for D.C. to host the ALA Meistarsacīkstes in 2002, there were enough players to fill a competitive “A” team, a young-blood team of kids still learning the game, and a team of older players from the good old Weekend Warrior days.

Many of these players are still playing today. They are joined by people of all ages and skills levels as more Latvians migrate to the D.C. area and/or to the sport of volleyball. The newest crop of players also shows promise for the return of an active female volleyball presence in the region, with several female players coming by to either pick up the game or polish their existing skills. They cite the balance between competitiveness and lightheartedness, along with the presence of good teachers, as to why they enjoy the experience. “You get to work out kinks, there’s great company, and you get touches on the ball. [In other places] it is tough to pick up this game,” says Katie O’Rourke, now in her third year on the Latvian volleyball scene.

Over the past decade, Sigulda has sent players to almost every single Latvian-American volleyball tournament in North America, from East Coast competitions Kursas Kauss, Austruma Piekrasta Spēles, and Zelta Bumba to the West Coast’s Kostīmu Kauss, the Midwest’s 4-2, and the ever-migrating ALA Meistarsacīkstes (the one known exception was Meistarsacīkstes in Toronto, when the team had to drop out due to a late player injury). The team has even befriended the Estonian-American volleyball community, sending players to the Sportipaav and Baltic Bash tournaments and welcoming local Estonians who come to play on Thursdays.

Earlier this year, Sigulda hosted the 2015 ALA Meistarsacīkstes. Reflecting the Thursday-night games’ spirit of inclusion, the planning committee included members of different generations, ranging in age from early 20s to late 70s.  After the tournament, the players went back to their regular Thursday-night games, playing volleyball, eating home-cooked wings, teaching the basics to newcomers, and enjoying each other’s company. As this year’s ALA Meistersacīkstes MVP (and 15-year Thursday-nighter) Grants Osvalds puts it, “Vienmēr ir vietas—nāciet spēlēt! (‘There is always room—come play!’)”

ALA skolotāju konference “Valoda, es nāku pie tevis!”

Amerikas latviešu apvienības (ALA) Izglītības nozares rīkotā skolotāju konference Bostonā notikusi jau vairākkārt. Arī 2015. g. septembrī Bostona sagaidīja ciemiņus ar sirsnību, sauli un atvasaras siltumu.

Konferencē piedalījās skolotāji no 10 diasporas skolām, kas atrodas 9 ASV pavalstīs, kā arī speciālistes no Latvijas – Latviešu valodas aģentūras (LVA) direktora vietniece Dace Dalbiņa, galvenā metodiķe Vineta Vaivade un Valsts izglītības satura centra (VISC) valsts valodas prasmes pārbaudes nodaļas vadītāja Anta Lazareva, kurām šī bija pirmā tikšanās ar ASV latviešu skolu pārstāvjiem. Klāt bija arī PBLA Izglītības padomes izpilddirektore Anta Spunde, kas, sadarbojoties ar LVA, ir diasporas skolu galvenais lobijs Latvijā.

Konferenci apmeklēja arī negaidīti viesi – televīzijas raidījuma “Piektais novads” filmēšanas grupa, kuri vienlaicīgi pārstāvēja arī Īrijas latviešu kopienu. No konferences viņi paņēma līdzi vērtīgu informāciju, kas viņiem noderēs veidojot pirmo latviešu vidusskolu Īrijā, ieguva jaunus draugus un, pateicoties viņiem, konferences gaita tika arī dokumentēta.

Konferencē tika piedāvātas vairākas lekcijas, kuru tēmas bija saistītas ar jautājumiem, ar kuriem latviešu skolu skolotāji saskaras ikdienā. “Time to Teach” izglītības konsultante Anita Erkmane, kura pati strādā Indianapoles latviešu skolā, stāstīja par valodas bagātas vides veidošanu, bet PBLA Izglītības padomes pārstāve Dace Mažeika – par jauno valodas līmeņu pārbaudījumu ieviešanu diasporas latviešu skolās. Tā kā visas skolas vēl nav ieviesušas šos pārbaudījumus, pārrunu laikā tika sniegti sīkāki paskaidrojumi, atbildēts uz jautājumiem, kā arī notika dalīšanās pieredzē kā pārbaudījumi tiek piedāvāti un izvērtēti.

Vineta Vaivade vada nodarbibu

Latviešu valodas metodiķe Vineta Vaivade vada nodarbību konferencē.

Valodas līmeņu pārbaudījumi ASV latviešu skolu programmās tiek ieteikti kā aizvietojums agrāk tradicionālo, bet nu jau savu mūžu nokalpojušo, ALA pārbaudījumu vietā. Tie palīdzēs noteikt katra skolēna zināšanu līmeni lasīšanā, rakstīšanā, runāšanā, klausīšanās prasmē, un valodas lietojumā. Tādi paši pārbaudījumi tiek piedāvāti arī Latvijā tiem, kam latviešu valoda nav dzimtā. Jaunos pārbaudījumus iesaka veikt gan mācību gada sākumā, gan beigās, sākot no zemākajiem A1 un A2 līmeņiem. Rezultāti dos iespēju skolotājiem noteikt katra skolnieka valodas līmeni, uzskatāmi parādīs katra bērna progresu un palīdzēs izstrādāt precīzākus mācību plānus, kas nodrošinās katra skolēna individuālo izaugsmi. Garezera Vasaras vidusskolas direktore Sandra Kronīte – Sīpola uzsvēra, ka šādi pārbaudījumi ir ne vien nozīmīgs solis pretī pārmaiņām latviskās izglītības programmās ASV, bet arī ļauj pašiem jauniešiem labāk saprast kā viņi apgūst valodu.

ALA Amerikas latviešu skolām nopietnu atbalstu sniedz jau sen un nu jau vairākus gadus skolotāji saņem materiālus un grāmatu sūtījumus arī no LVA. Tomēr nekas neatsver tikšanos klātienē. LVA pārstāves iepazīstināja ar metodiskajiem materiāliem un palīgmateriāliem, kas īpaši izstrādāti diasporas skolu vajadzībām. Daudz atrodams LVA interneta vietnē “Māci un mācies”.

Skolotāji stāstīja par saviem izaicinājumiem un kopā ar Latvijas speciālistēm un kolēģiem apmainījās pieredzē un risinājumos. Vairāki skolotāji atzina, ka būtu nepieciešami materiāli un metodika literatūras mācīšanai, tā, lai nedaudzo mācību stundu laikā, spētu iepazīstināt skolēnus gan ar latviešu literatūras klasiku, gan arī ar labāko ko piedāvā mūsdienu oriģinālliteratūra. Tā kā diasporas skolās pārsvarā strādā entuziasti nevis profesionāli skolotāji, LVA metodiskais atbalsts un ieteikumi ir īpaši nozīmīgi.

Dažādo skolu skolotāji vienmēr ir ieinteresēti dalīties pieredzē par vecāku iesaistīšanu skolu darbā, ģimenes lomu valodas mācīšanā un darba metodēm, strādājot ar ļoti dažāda latviešu valodas līmeņa bērniem. Lai arī katra skola ir atšķirīga gan audzēkņu skaita, vecuma vai valodas prasmes ziņā, problēmas visumā ir līdzīgas un tādēļ kolēģu pieredze redzot, kādas metodes darbojas un kādas nē, palīdz mums visiem veiksmīgāk sasniegt mūsu valodas un izglītības mērķus. Tādēļ, pateicamies visiem konferences lektoriem, Amerikas latviešu apvienībai (ALA) un īpaši ALA Izglītības nozares vadītājai Andrai Zommerei par vērtīgo tikšanos!

Renāte Kenney un Renāte Karle Ruszczyk, Bostonas latviešu skolas skolotājas