Are you still seeing gobbledygook when viewing Latvian Web pages? You shouldn’t be. With the advances in recent years in multilingual capabilities of personal computers it doesn’t matter what type of computer you are using—whether it is a Windows, Macintosh or a Unix/Linux based system.

Nor does it matter if you use Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator, Mozilla, Opera or Safari. Just about any recent version Web browser will correctly render Latvian type with all the appropriate diacritics—garumzīmes, šnācēni and mīkstinājumi—on your computer screen.

Ten years have passed since the Baltics were accepted into international computing circles. The introduction of the Latvian computing standard in 1992 slowly signaled the end to the many non-standard fonts that had been developed by enthusiasts from all corners of the globe. At one stage there were more than 20 different de facto Baltic standards, represented by fonts such as BaltTimes, LatHelvetica, Latvian Arial and LaFutura. Today they still cause much angst amongst Latvian newspaper publishing houses. Plus most of the older Baltic fonts won’t work very well, if at all, in your Web browser.

For the World Wide Web and the Baltic languages the future is Unicode—a standard that allows single documents to contain characters or text from many scripts and languages—and to allow those documents to be used on computers with operating systems in any language and still remain intelligible. Unicode (or ISO 10646) already has grown to a list of 65,534 commonly used characters and other glyphs are being added for specialist applications such as historic scripts and scientific notation. There have even been proposals to include some artistic scripts such as J.R.R. Tolkien’s Tengwar and Cirth from The Lord of the Rings fame.

Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows ME, Windows NT, Windows 2000 and Windows XP, Linux Red Hat 8.0, Macintosh OS 8.5 and later versions including Macintosh OS X all support Unicode TrueType fonts and as a result can display almost any character on screen. Examples of Unicode fonts are Arial, Times New Roman, Helvetica and Lucida Grande. Estonian, Latvian, Latgallian, Lithuanian—even the nearly extinct Liv (Livonian) alphabet with the unusual double level accents—are all supported by this universal character set. Baltic letters are located within the Latin Extended-A and Latin Extended-B script ranges (256-591). Web developers can easily access these with a Unicode-aware HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) editor such as Adobe GoLive 5, FrontPage 2000 or BBEdit 6.0 and a matching keyboard driver.

Baltic Web users currently have two choices to configure their Web browsers. You can choose either the subset “Baltic (Windows)” or go all the way with “Unicode UTF-8” encoding. In most cases the encoding is automatically set by the Web browser. If you are using Microsoft’s Internet Explorer you can check this by selecting the “View” menu and viewing the “Encoding” or “Character Set” option. In addition you may also be required to select a proportional (or Web font) and fixed width (or plain text font) to match the Baltic language encoding. If you’re a Macintosh user I recommend you download Apple’s latest Mac OS X browser, Safari, which is considerably faster than Internet Explorer and, with Unicode selected, renders Latvian Web pages flawlessly.

If the Web page is still not displaying the Latvian text correctly you can check the header of the Web page by choosing the “Source” option from the “View” menu. One of the two following lines should have been included in the header: <meta http-equiv=“Content-Type” content=“text/html; charset=windows-1257”> or <meta http-equiv=“Content-Type” content=“text/html; charset=UTF-8”>.

After a quick scan of several major Web sites in Latvia I noticed that most are still taking the conservative “charset=windows-1257” approach. Transitions Online, a Prague-based online magazine about Central and East Europe, made inroads three years ago when it started marking its pages in Unicode.

The more technically inclined can even take a peek into the style sheet of a Web site to check that no special fonts are being used. The best Web sites will stick to the popular Unicode fonts for maximum compatibility across all of the major computer platforms.

Put your computer to the test. I have created two examples so you can try to find out whether your browser is configured correctly. The first example  will check whether your Web browser can display all three Baltic languages and the second example will prepare you for the future when multiple languages on the same page will be gracing our computer screens.

Who needs Latvijas Televīzija? If a proposal by Uldis Grava stays afloat, television viewers in Latvia may start asking this question more and more.

Grava, the ārzemnieks who last year left his job as marketing and affiliate development director at Radio Free Europe to become head of the state-funded Latvijas Televīzija (LTV), has already ruffled plenty of feathers inside and outside the broadcaster’s skyscraper in Rīga.

And now, as he continues to push to improve LTV’s image and programming, Grava has suggested that consumers who buy a new television set should also pay a fee to support the public broadcaster. Call it a luxury tax on those residents of Latvia who can afford a new TV.

Grava suggested the fee during a media seminar Jan. 23, according to Baltic News Service.

The proposal isn’t really new and, compared to how public service broadcasters are financed in other European countries, is a small step in the direction of greater public participation in funding LTV. It’s a proposal that could either provide the broadcaster with much-needed income, or make folks wonder why LTV is needed if commercial broadcasters providing “free” programming are available.

For readers outside the United States, the notion of a public service broadcaster is quite familiar. The Australian Broadcasting Corp., British Broadcasting Corp. and the Canadian Broadcasting Corp. are just some examples, and each has a different way of getting the money it needs to operate.

In the United Kingdom, an annual TV license of GBP 112 (about USD 185) brings in more than GBP 2.5 billion (about USD 4.1 billion). In return, the BBC doesn’t take commercial advertising. Yet some critics are pushing for abolishing the license, suggesting that those who want to watch BBC could instead subscribe to its service.

Australia’s ABC receives most of its funding from the federal budget. Canada’s CBC gets half of its income from the Parliament, the rest coming from commercial advertising and other sources.

However, in the United States, the private and nonprofit Public Broadcasting Service is a minor player in a market dominated by several commercial networks, not to mention cable or satellite channels. PBS, which is an association of independent “public” TV stations, gets most of its funding from viewer “memberships” and grants, including from the private nonprofit Corporation for Public Broadcasting, set up by Congress in 1967. The federal government partially funds the CPB.

Latvijas Televīzija, according to its Web site, gets about 60 percent of its roughly LVL 7 million (about USD 12 million) operating budget from the government, with another 30 percent coming from the sale of advertising. LTV is second in popularity to the commercial Latvijas Neatkarīga Televīzija (LNT).

Like other public service broadcasters, LTV counts among its missions the creation and broadcasting of cultural and educational programming that commercial broadcasters often avoid because they don’t make money. But nothing says public service broadcasters have to be the most popular.

And that’s one of the problems facing Grava’s proposal. No doubt some consumers would balk at the idea of paying a fee to support LTV when they buy a new TV set. A broader requirement that anyone with a television get an annual license would be an even tougher sell in Latvia, where two generations have grown up without such a system.

Yet Latvia needs LTV. Commercial broadcasters don’t have an incentive to offer the kind of programming that a public service broadcaster provides. In a nation where cultural survival is a recurrent theme, LTV should play an important informational and educational role. Sure, LTV could do a better job. Despite being blasted as an outsider who doesn’t understand how Latvia works, Grava is doing his best to improve the broadcaster. But his biggest challenge—convincing the Latvian television audience that they’re getting their money’s worth with LTV—is still ahead.

Hollywood rules

Film critic Dita Rietuma, writing in the daily newspaper Diena, noted with resignation that, in terms of box office receipts and total admissions, the top movies in Latvia last year were all Hollywood productions.

No. 1 on the list, drawing nearly 48,000 viewers and making just a little more than LVL 94,000, was Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring. Second and third places were taken by Harry Potter and the Philospher’s Stone and Men in Black II, respectively.

Rietuma contrasts news of last year’s box office results with a reminder that Prime Minister Einars Repše was set to pull the rug out from under the Latvian film industry. In the end, the prime minister was convinced to give the movie business a subsidy of about LVL 630,000 this year, just a slight cut from last year.

In the courts

Full-court press?: Diena kept Latvia’s judicial system busy during the month. Latvia’s Constitutional Court has agreed to hear the newspaper’s complaint that two parts of the criminal code regarding defamation of public officials and political candidates are unconstitutional. Meanwhile, Rīga Mayor Gundars Bojārs plans to sue the newspaper after it reported that the State Revenue Service had supposedly investigated him for conflict of interest involving the Port of Riga’s purchase of the ferry Baltic Kristina, according to a Rīga City Council press release. In addition, the mayor plans to ask the state prosecutor to charge the newspaper with criminal libel under the same law that the paper is challenging in the Constitutional Court.

Mobile dainas

Dial-a-daina: Lursoft IT, the company that has cornered the online data services market in Latvia, announced Jan. 30 that it’s expanding its WAP offerings. Among them are stories from 31 different Latvian newspapers as well as access to 200,000 dainas. Take a look over your WAP-enabled mobile phone at http://wap.news.lv/index.wml

Canadian columnists

The view from Canada: Baiba Rubess, formerly of Toronto, has been writing a column for the culture section of Diena for a while. Now comes another Latvian-Canadian. Māra Gulēna, editor of the e-zine Toronto Ziņas, had her first column published Jan. 9. She wrote about the path her Latvian life has taken. Look for her next column in the Feb. 3 edition.

If I were in Latvia on Feb. 1, I’d be casting my vote for Madara Celma to win the national run-up to the Eurovision Song Contest.

Celma, who has become somewhat of an also-ran in the contest over the past several years, has one of the few standout songs among the 15 contestants scheduled to perform in Eirodziesma 2003, which is to take place in Ventspils.

Actually, Celma has two songs in competition, but it’s her solo effort, “Away From You,” that would get my vote.

The 15 songs up for consideration will be performed live in front of an audience in Ventspils and on Latvijas Televīzija, the state television broadcaster. Then, according to this year’s rules, folks around the country will get a chance to vote by telephone while they watch the nightly news. And then the top five songs will get a repeat hearing, after which the national audience will pick the winner.

Celma deserves to win in large part because “Away From You” is one of the few songs in the contest that sounds distinct. Many of the other are rather dull and oversynthesized, or seem to want to either emulate fading Western pop artists or cash in on the Latin sound that helped catapult Marija Naumova’s “I Wanna” to victory in last year’s Eurovision. The introspective and overall sad tone of “Away From You” also runs against the current of the other entries.

Plus, I’d give Celma credit for perseverance. She continues to compete in Eurovision even though three years ago she was knocked out of the national competition (and lost a recording contract with the MICREC recording house) when it was discovered that her entry that year was plagiarized from an American songwriter’s work. It takes spunk to come back from an embarassment like that.

This year’s Latvian contest includes a number of top performers, as well as some newcomers. The 15 songs, plus three more “in reserve,” are compiled on the Eirodziesma 2003 recording released late last year by Latvijas Televīzija and distributed by Rīga-based Platforma Records.

The artists include Celma and Normunds Rutulis performing “Lead Me To Your Heart.” Big name Latvian performers Mārtiņš Freimanis (of the Liepāja rock group Tumsa), Lauris Reiniks (whom some have called Latvia’s Ricky Martin) and veteran Russian pop and dance music performer Yana Kay team up as F.L.Y. for “Hallo from Mars.” The talented girl group 4.elements returns, this time singing another Arnis Mednis composition, “Long Way to Run.” Other performers who have a certain amount of name recognition include the boy band Caffe, Kristīne Broka, Jānis Stībelis and the duo Fomins & Kleins (that’s Fomins as in Ivo Fomīns, brother of the better-known Igo, and Kleins as in Tomass Kleins, a member of the Liepāja guitar rock band Līvi).

Several new voices will be heard in Ventspils, including one that I found interesting: Elīna Fūrmane. She’ll perform “Right Way,” a song she co-wrote with Edgars Dambis. Fūrmane, still in high school, already has earned recognition for her singing talent. If Celma doesn’t win with “Away From You,” then Fūrmane ought to with her song. Also, Tatjana Timčuka’s flamenco-powered “Roses and Tears” (penned by Sergejs Kugeļevs) is an upbeat song that could do well in the contest, although it does seem to want to follow in Naumova’s steps.

All the songs are in English, with the exception of Fomins’ and Kleins’ “Muzikants.” The song is written by Kleins and Guntars Račs, the well-known lyricist who also plays drums in the group Bet Bet when he’s not at his day job at MICREC. The song’s not bad, but I suspect it might get more sympathy votes because it’s the only Latvian-language entry. (“Muzikants” also was the focus of a recent mini-scandal involving Fomins and Kleins, according to Latvian media reports. The artists showed up at an official music video filming in Ventspils without a recording of their music, technically a violation of Eurovision rules.)

While it would be wonderful if Eurovision contestants would sing in their native languages, the unwritten rule seems to be that English is the way to go if a performer has a prayer of appealing to the millions of people who will be watching and voting during the Eurovision Song Contest, scheduled May 24 in Rīga. Last year Macedonia’s Karolina Gocheva, for example, wanted to perform her song “Od nas zavisi” (On Us It Depends) in English rather than Macedonian. But the folks who run the national contest in Macedonia wouldn’t allow her. The result? Macedonia didn’t even place in the top half.