Mārtiņdiena latviešiem Baškīrijā – ciemošanās pie vāciešiem

Mārtiņi, Svētā Mārtina diena, Lukturu svētki, tā var dēvēt Mārtiņdienu Baškīrijā, pie tam, ja latviešiem šie svētki saistās ar zemes došanos ziemas atpūtā, ķekatām un gaili, tad vāciešiem tie ir vairāk reliģiska satura svētki, bet spožie lukturi, ar kuriem tie staigā pa Prišiba ciema ieliņām 11. novembrī, simbolizē gaismu, kuru ubags reiz ieraudzīja tumša naktī un saprata, ka ir glābts. Gaisma nāca no Mārtina, bet izglābtais ubags bija Jēzus, kas, līdzīgi kā latviešu Dieviņš, zemes virsū meklēja naktsmājas, bet nekur tās neatrada. Mazais gaismas stars izglāba ubagu, Mārtins tam atdeva savu pēdējo gabalu maizes, tāpēc arī bērni, kas Svētā Mārtina diena pa ciemu staigā ar lukturiem, pretimnācējiem dala saldumus.

Stāsts par vāciešu pārtikušo dzīvi Baškīrijā ir līdzīgs latviešu stāstam, tikai atšķirība tā, ka Baškīrijā dzīvojošie vācieši savulaik ieradās no Ukrainas, kur tie, ar Katrīnas II rīkojumu, bija devušies apgūt jaunas zemes. Prišiba ciema vēsture, kurā izveidojās vāciešu kolonija, saistāma ar 1903. gadu, kad tajā apmetās pirmie no Ukrainas ieradušies vācieši.

Arī vāciešiem līdzīgi kā latviešiem gaidītās zemes vietā tika piešķirti meži, no kuriem ar laiku radās tīrumi un dārzi. Vācieši pievērsa uzmanību jaunu kultūru apguvei, proti, paralēli miežiem, auzām, rudziem, tie audzēja kukurūzu un pupas. Arī vāciešu ciemos bija sastopami augsti kvalificēta meistari – skroderi, ādu ģērētāji, kurpnieki, grozu pinēji u.c.

Trīsdesmito gadu represijas negāja secen arī vāciešu kolonijai tos, kurus nearestēja un nenošāva Ufas cietumā, kā vācu un japāņu spiegus, iesauca karā. Ciematā palikušajām atraitnēm ilgi nācās izjust vietējo krievu nicinājumu un dzirdēt tik ļoti ierasto uz vācu tautas pārstāvjiem vērsto vārdu „fašists”. Starp citu arī mūsdienās Prišiba ciemā atrodas cilvēki kam fašists un vācietis nozīmē vienu un to pašu, un tie nekautrējas skaļi paust savu nostāju pret Baškīrijā dzimušiem vāciešiem, kas par savu dzimteni tomēr uzskata Krieviju nevis Vāciju.

Baškīrijas latvieši jauniegūto dzimteni pameta 50-tajos un 70-tajos gados, pēdējie aizbraucēji saistāmi ar 80-tajiem gadiem. Daļa vāciešu savā etniskajā dzimtenē atgriežas vien 90-tajos. Ja starp latviešiem bija tādi, kas Latvijā neiedzīvojās un tādēļ atgriezās Baškīrijā, tad starp vāciešiem tādu nebija. Tie, kas devās uz Vāciju, tur arī palika.

Prišiba ciematā ir skola, kurā vācu valoda tiek apgūta no skolas pirmsākumiem. Sākumā vācu valoda tika apgūta gan kā ārzemju, gan kā dzimtā valoda. Līdzi kā Arhlatviešu vidusskolā, latviešu valodu kā dzimto valodu apgūst tie skolēni, kam ir latviska izcelsme. Tā arī Prišiba ciema vidusskolā, tikai dzimtās valodas stunda, atšķirībā no Arhlatviešu vidusskolas, bija vienu reizi nedēļā. Ar laiku vācu valodas kā dzimtās valodas nodarbību atcēla. Būtiski, ka angļu valodu skolā sāka mācīties tikai pirms gada, visu skolas pastāvēšanas laiku vienīgā ārzemju valoda, ko apguva skolēni, bija vācu valoda. Skolā ir 9. klašu skolēni ansamblis, sākumskolas skolēnu ansamblis. Reizi nedēļā tie dodas uz Vācu Kultūrvēsturisko centru, kur, paralēli valodas apguvei, tie gūst zināšanas par vācu kultūru. Ar vāji slēptu lepnumu gribas piebilst, ka latviešu valodas un kultūras apguve Arhlatviešu vidusskolā ir krietni spēcīgāka, arī saikne ar Latviju – ciešāka. Lai gan Prišiba skolai ir sadraudzība ar Drēzdenes Tehnisko universitāti, tiem tomēr nav bijusi iespēja nokļūt Vācijā. Arhlatviešu skolēniem šāda iespēja ir bijusi un ne reizi vien. Toties vāciešu ciemu bieži apmeklē uz Baškīriju atbraukušie vācieši, kam lielu izbrīnu rada tas, ka kaut kur Baškīrijas dziļumos ir vācu ciems, kurā vēl aizvien var dzirdēt senas vācu tautas dziesmas, kur saglabājusies vācu valoda un kultūra.

Būtiski, ka latviešus un vācieši vietējie krievi un baškīri asociē ar čaklumu, un kārtību, pārticību, kas iegūta smagi strādājot. Tomēr paralēli smagajam darba gan latvieši, gan vācieši nav zaudējuši estētisko pasaules redzējumu. Dzīvot skaisti un dzīvot skaistumā, radīt skaisto sev visapkārt. Pirms gadiem simts un mazliet vairāk tas atspoguļojās Baškīrijas latviešu un vāciešu sētās, mūsdienās – vēlmē saglabāt sevi un savu kultūru tur, kur esi tikai neliela daļa no visuma, kur vieglāk ir kļūt par masu nevis individualitāti.

Ilona Saverasa ir skolotāja, kas māca latviešu valodu un kultūru Baškortostānā.

Kostīmu Kauss: The World’s Best Halloween-Themed Latvian Volleyball Tournament

A video game character, a bearded Boy Scout, a referee, and Mr. Clean walk onto a beach together. No, it’s not the beginning of a cheesy joke. It’s the winning team from this year’s Kostīmu Kauss (“Costume Cup”), held this past weekend outside Los Angeles.

Kostīmu Kauss is a Halloween-themed volleyball tournament founded in 2008 by Latvian siblings Kaija and Aleks Dankers of Hermosa Beach, California. Their idea was simple: invite some Latvian friends and family over to the house for a Halloween party, then go down to the beach the next day to play some volleyball. To maintain the Halloween theme, all players were required to wear costumes. The main focus of the tournament was to bring together friends new and old for a fun event, regardless of volleyball skill or connections. To encourage participation and mingling, participants signed up as individual players and assessed their own playing level as one of the following:

A: “Es ļoti labi protu spēlēt voleju” (“I play volleyball very well”)
B: “Es samērā labi protu spēlēt voleju” (“I am somewhat good at playing volleyball”)
C: “Es esmu spēlējis agrāk” (“I have played before”)
D: “Kā sauc šo apaļo lietu, un kāpēc šajā jūrmalā atrodas stabi ar tīkliem?” (“What do you call this round thing, and why does this beach have posts with nets?”)

Players were then assigned to teams, with players of various experience levels on each team to ensure a fair distribution of skills. In the evening, after showers, everyone returned to the house for a relaxed dinner.

Now in its eighth year, the tournament has proven tremendously successful and its format remains in essence the same. While the first year consisted mostly of local Latvians, the event has grown tremendously in popularity and reputation, and players fly in from all over America. It helps that cities such as Chicago and Washington, D.C. are just getting their first hints of cold weather- participants from those areas get a last chance to experience warm weather in the California sun before being plunged into winter.

Perhaps the most noticeable change happened three years ago, when the Dankers siblings moved out of the house that once hosted the festivities. Both the Halloween costume party (which occurs every year regardless of whether the tournament weekend falls on Halloween) and the post-volleyball awards dinner moved to local bars and restaurants near the beach. In the first years there were few enough visitors from out of town that everyone could spend the night at the Dankers’ house, sharing beds, couches, carpeted floor space, and sometimes more ingenious sleeping solutions. Today, participants are scattered among hotels and vacation rentals. This year, twenty participants rented a beach house together, continuing the spirit of camaraderie brought about by close quarters.

Lessons have been learned over time. Players quickly realize that it is surprisingly difficult to find a costume in which one can effectively and comfortably play beach volleyball. Most accessories are cumbersome or even dangerous. Wigs and hats fall off. Mermaid skirts restrict movement. Polyester does not breathe, particularly under the hot California sun. And people flying into town need to figure out how to get their Thor hammer or Ninja Turtle nunchucks through airport security, or how to fit their homemade peacock tail into their carry-on bag and overhead bin. This year’s costume selection was further complicated by Halloween falling on a Saturday; this meant that the costume party took place on Saturday evening after play, instead of on Friday, the night before play. Some warriors toughed it out and wore their sweaty, sand-covered costumes to the party that evening, but others had to give up.

Needless to say, people begin dropping costume pieces quickly when it comes time to start playing, and the sideline ends up littered with items such as toy swords and masks. This phenomenon led to the rule that players must keep on at least one piece of their costume at all times. Prizes are awarded every year for the best costumes, and to encourage maximum costume utilization, the judging criteria includes not just creativity and enthusiasm, but also how much of the costume remains on during the actual playing. It’s no surprise, then, that this year’s big winner was Kārlis Memenis, who went as “Left Shark,” the backup dancer made famous during Katy Perry’s Super Bowl halftime show. The full-body costume was epic to begin with, but what truly stood out was the fact that Memenis managed to keep the suit on the entire day, setting the ball with his fingerless foam fins while peering out from the slit between his shark teeth (and, frankly, making those of us with unrestricted movement and a full field of vision look bad by comparison).

The best-costume winner receives a traveling trophy, and there are second- and third-place prizes (this year awarded to a gladiator and a Quail Man, respectively), as well as numerous honorable mentions. Non-playing spectators are encouraged to dress up, too (and most do); this year, honorable mentions went to onlookers dressed as “The Continental” from Saturday Night Live‘s popular Christopher Walken sketches and infamous celebrity chef Paula Deen, recognized alongside player Guy Fieri.

Lest we forget, there is an actual volleyball competition in addition to the costumed revelry. For the past seven years, teams have been made up of four players each, but this year, a large amount of participants led to teams of five or six, with seven teams split into two pools. A single round of playoffs was followed by a final championship game. This year’s winning team consisted of Kārlis Biksa (Mr. Clean), Dāvis “Davey” Bolšteins (a referee), Kārlis “Charlie” Dankers (a Latvian Boy Scout), and Katrīna Kramena (Link from “Legends of Zelda”). They were presented with the prestigious Kostīmu Kauss itself: a plastic jug mounted onto a standard trophy base and engraved with each year’s winning team.

After eight years of consistent and growing numbers, Kostīmu Kauss shows no signs of stopping. Tournament founder Kaija Dankers is confident that the show will go on, and hopes to keep the tradition alive until she is old and gray. Given the enthusiasm of the participants, this result is a solid possibility. Now excuse me while I go ice my joints, apply aloe to my sunburn, and try to come up with a way to one-up Left Shark and win the best-costume trophy next year.

Nama Volejs: The World of DC Latvian Volleyball

“I was born right here, in the middle of this volleyball court, on a Thursday night back in ’85,” says my brother Alberts with a wink, pointing towards a church banquet hall bisected by a volleyball net hung between two hooks in the walls. His joke isn’t too far from the truth. Many of the players who have gathered this evening at the Latvian Lutheran Church of Washington D.C.’s community center in Rockville, Maryland, have been coming here to play volleyball every Thursday for the past ten to twenty years. A few can even trace their time back to the mid-’80s and beyond.

The group’s longevity and vibrancy are rare, especially at a time when many Latvian-American organizations are struggling to maintain numbers and bring in younger members. A typical Thursday night brings in anywhere from 6 to 18 players, and a key to its success is the group’s inclusive nature. Anyone can participate, regardless of age, ethnicity, gender or skill level. “It’s a community spirit,” explains Ēriks Brolis, who has been involved since roughly 1992, when, as a 12-year-old kid, he came along to play with his father. “It’s super unique; everyone is supporting everyone else to play at the top of their game, and so many levels can play together.”

He’s not exaggerating about the many levels. The group contains novices, experts, rec-league players, children, pensioners (the group once surprised one of these members with a 70th-birthday party between sets), and even an Olympian (1984 Olympic gold medalist and volleyball legend Aldis Bērziņš, who has been a Thursday-night regular for 15 years). Of the participants this particular evening, six played for their college varsity or club teams. Playing right alongside these experienced competitors is Māra Anderson, playing for the first time in her life. “I suck,” she says, “but it’s fun, and I’m learning a lot.” Initially apprehensive about joining, she now jokes that it’s been “better than expected, because people aren’t hitting me.”

Standing next to her, Robs Šverns, an eleven-year veteran of the group, is encouraging of her efforts: “If you haven’t played and are curious, you should try it.” Šverns himself hadn’t played before joining the group a decade earlier, and emphasizes that it is a great environment in which to learn.   He explains that it is one of the few places where everyone can play at the top of their game (whatever that may be), free of judgment.

Bērziņš—the Olympic gold medalist—agrees. “With a lot of volleyball you find cliques, and it is hard to get on the court. You have to play at a certain level,” he says. But here, that’s not the point. “Pašam patīk ka ir omulīgi. Nav svarīgi uzvarēt, bet [ir svarīgi] saspēle un draudzība.” (“I like that it’s friendly. It’s not important to win, but [what is important is] teamwork and friendship.”) His favorite aspect of the Thursday-night games is that all age groups play together. He started coming in the first place because he wanted to play with his sons, who started as young children cheering on their dad from the sidelines, but have since all grown up and won a slathering of NCAA championships and spots on professional teams.

The game played on Thursdays is unlike the game played anywhere else not just because of the eclectic mix of players, but also due to the strange set of rules. The players laugh that this may be the only place left in the world where side-out scoring is still in use (which means that only the serving team can earn a point; in more common “rally” scoring, whoever wins the play wins the point, no matter who served).  But the players enjoy the game being a little strange, as it provides a special character missing from other volleyball venues. “I like old-school rules more,” says Vik Bebris. “With rally, it’s one mistake, and you’re down. But the old rules feel more real.”

Stranger than the scoring system is the court itself. The room, used primarily for local Latvian community events such as stage plays, holiday ceremonies, and school graduations, is not quite the size of a standard volleyball court. The lip of a stage juts into the back line at one end; at the other, two air-conditioning vents protrude into the corners. In earlier years walls served as the side boundaries, though they added an extra two feet to either side of what would be an official court. This oddity grew stranger once antennas were introduced at the correct width.  Eventually frustrated players brought in painter’s tape to put down lines and solve some of these issues. But under current conditions, the most recent painter’s-tape lines have been pulled up. The resulting faint residue line is only visible in some areas, but still serves as the court boundary, leaving players to guess and debate whether certain hits are in or out. When a hit is in dispute, the refrain “Mineapolē tas būtu ārā!” (“In Minneapolis that would be out!”) can often be heard; it’s a decade-old throwback joke from when the group was preparing for an ALA Meistarsacīkstes (American Latvian Association Master Games) tournament in Minneapolis, where presumably the courts would be actual regulation size and shape.

A typical evening is flush with this sort of lighthearted joking mixed in amongst play.  Another favorite inside joke amongst players is the “Over 50” rule, which states that only players over the age of 50 are allowed to make certain questionable junk plays, such as windmill attacks. The “Friend Zone” is a three-inch wide strip of ground between the endline and the wall that frustrates attackers (so close, can’t score).  Classic rock plays over the loudspeakers during the games, which is then occasionally danced to by players in an attempt to distract their opponents.  And roughly once a year the group’s leader, Viesturs Timrots, brings in an assortment of delicious sausages, wings, and other snacks for a post-play party suggestively titled “Kas Par Desām” (literally translated to “Oh, What Sausages,” but actually a play on words that means “What a Mess.”)

The players fit so perfectly into this unique playing space that one might think it was built for them. And that is partially true. The roots of the Thursday-night game reach back to at least the 1960s, when the Washington, D.C. sports club “Sigulda,” sponsored by veterans-welfare organization Daugavas Vanagi, had a powerful women’s volleyball team consisting of impressive players like Ilze Pāža, Edīte Tālmane, Ausma Karlsona, and Edīte Āboliņa. At the time, the Latvian-American sports circuit was more developed and better populated, and the women held regular training sessions in local schools under the guidance of coaches Andris Karlsons, Jānis Tērauds, and Juris Ekšteins. The women went on many road trips, competing against Latvian-American teams across the East Coast and the Midwest, including powerhouse rivals New York and Minneapolis. According to Māra Bērziņš, who started playing on the team with her mother and sister Silvija in 1971, the weekly practices were no joke. So when the D.C. Latvian Lutheran congregation began formulating plans to build its own church and community center, it made sense to include the active Latvian volleyball community. Legend has it that the original plan for the banquet hall had a moderately high ceiling, but at Jānis Pāža’s urging, it was moved up by four feet to reach the minimum regulation height for volleyball. The room was subtly rigged to allow for a wall-to-wall net, and upon completion in the mid-1970s, the ladies moved in.

Around the same time, a coterie of male players under the leadership of Jānis Tērauds was playing weekly pick-up games at Langley High School in Virginia. My father (and current Thursday-night regular Knuts Ozols), played with them in the late 1970s. He describes these “Vecie Siguldieši” (“Sigulda Old-Timers”) as a friendly group that enjoyed going out afterwards to local pizza joint Rocco’s. Eventually, the school chose to shut down the games, and rec centers never quite panned out as an alternative. Over time the women’s team also dissipated, as players got older or moved away and no new women joined. (The lack of female players would last from the mid-1980s until only very recently. This year, for the first time in almost 30 years, Sigulda was able to contribute a partial female team to the annual ALA Meistarsacīkstes—and that was only possible by combining forces with another partial team from Canada.)

But the gap in Latvian D.C. volleyball did not last long. In the mid-to-late 1980s, Harijs Plūcis recruited other Latvian volleyball enthusiasts such as Jānis Bebris, Jānis Mūrnieks, Raimonds Pavlovskis, and current group leader Viesturs Timrots to join his local team, which played in a Montgomery County (Maryland) adult recreational league. The squad, named the Weekend Warriors, began using the banquet hall at the Latvian church for extra practice. In the early 1990s, the Latvian ambassador to the United States, Ojārs Kalniņš, in attempt to integrate arriving diplomats from the newly-freed Latvian Republic with the established Latvian-American community, invited his staff to join in, eventually forming their own embassy team that played in the same county league as the Weekend Warriors.  Soon the Thursday-night practices were flooded with both local players and diplomats. Though it forwent drills for pick-up games, the group continued to call the sessions treniņi (“training”).

Their format and nature have remained virtually unchanged ever since. The group still operates as part of D.C.’s Daugavas Vanagi and calls itself Sigulda, and officially Thursday nights are still called treniņi. Though the number of players fluctuates over time, with the slowest nights bringing in four players, and the busiest nights bringing in four teams worth of players, the game is always there for anyone who wants to play. “Zinu, ka te vienmēr ir spēle (‘I know there is always a game available here’),” says Ivars Ārums. Nicknamed “Key Component” on the court, Ārums is also a key component to the group’s off-court success. When he comes to play, he brings along his kids and even grandkids, reinforcing the group’s inclusive multi-generational vibe.

In fact most of the current active players got involved as children, tagging along to treniņi with their parents. Ēriks Brolis became the first of this new generation, joined soon thereafter by his brother Andrejs, and describes being the only child on the court: “Būtu trīs spēles, tad divas stundas sēž [runājoties ar draugiem], un es biju skolā nākamā dienā (‘We would have three games, then two hours of sitting [talking with friends], and I would be in school the next day’).” Around this time in the early 1990’s, a short-lived fathers-and-daughters game ran on Wednesday nights, which I attended with my father. Though it quickly ended due to lack of interest, my father and I moved over to Thursday nights. Eventually we “dragged along” my brother, as he remembers it. It was “towards the end of the fathers-and-daughters days and I kinda liked it,” he says. “And since then I’ve been here for the last two thousand straight Thursdays.” He pauses, then adds: “That number is approximate.”

Soon the Thursday-night court was flooded with teenagers who had come to play with their friends and parents. Affectionately nicknamed “Geezers and Teens Volleyball,” this late-1990s era saw the court frequently divided into games of old guys versus kids, with a small handful of age outliers in the middle. When it came time for D.C. to host the ALA Meistarsacīkstes in 2002, there were enough players to fill a competitive “A” team, a young-blood team of kids still learning the game, and a team of older players from the good old Weekend Warrior days.

Many of these players are still playing today. They are joined by people of all ages and skills levels as more Latvians migrate to the D.C. area and/or to the sport of volleyball. The newest crop of players also shows promise for the return of an active female volleyball presence in the region, with several female players coming by to either pick up the game or polish their existing skills. They cite the balance between competitiveness and lightheartedness, along with the presence of good teachers, as to why they enjoy the experience. “You get to work out kinks, there’s great company, and you get touches on the ball. [In other places] it is tough to pick up this game,” says Katie O’Rourke, now in her third year on the Latvian volleyball scene.

Over the past decade, Sigulda has sent players to almost every single Latvian-American volleyball tournament in North America, from East Coast competitions Kursas Kauss, Austruma Piekrasta Spēles, and Zelta Bumba to the West Coast’s Kostīmu Kauss, the Midwest’s 4-2, and the ever-migrating ALA Meistarsacīkstes (the one known exception was Meistarsacīkstes in Toronto, when the team had to drop out due to a late player injury). The team has even befriended the Estonian-American volleyball community, sending players to the Sportipaav and Baltic Bash tournaments and welcoming local Estonians who come to play on Thursdays.

Earlier this year, Sigulda hosted the 2015 ALA Meistarsacīkstes. Reflecting the Thursday-night games’ spirit of inclusion, the planning committee included members of different generations, ranging in age from early 20s to late 70s.  After the tournament, the players went back to their regular Thursday-night games, playing volleyball, eating home-cooked wings, teaching the basics to newcomers, and enjoying each other’s company. As this year’s ALA Meistersacīkstes MVP (and 15-year Thursday-nighter) Grants Osvalds puts it, “Vienmēr ir vietas—nāciet spēlēt! (‘There is always room—come play!’)”